Generally, the materials of turning tools are as follows:

1 High carbon steel:

The high-carbon steel turning tool is made of a carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.8% to 1.5%. After being quenched and hardened, the friction during cutting is easy to temper and soften, and it is replaced by other tools such as high-speed steel. Generally only suitable for the cutting of soft metal materials. Commonly used ones are SK1, SK2, SK7, etc.

2 High-speed steel:

High-speed steel is a steel-based alloy commonly known as white turning tool. It is made by adding W, Cr, V, Co and other alloying elements to carbon steel with a carbon content of 0.7~0.85%. For example, 18-4-4 high-speed steel material contains 18% tungsten, 4% chromium and 4% vanadium high-speed steel. The friction heat generated in the cutting of high-speed steel turning tools can be as high as 6000C, which is suitable for turning speeds below 1000rpm and thread turning. Generally, high-speed steel turning tools such as SKH2, SKH4A, SKH5, SKH6, SKH9, etc. are commonly used.

3 Non-cast iron alloy tools:

This is an alloy of cobalt, chromium and tungsten. It is also called superhard cast alloy because it is difficult to cut and is manufactured by casting. The most representative is stellite. Its tool toughness and wear resistance are extremely good, at a temperature of 8200C Its hardness remains unaffected, and its heat resistance far exceeds that of high-speed steel, making it suitable for high-speed and deep cutting work.

4Sintered carbonized tool:

The carbide tool is a powder metallurgical product. The main component of the tungsten carbide tool is 50% to 90% tungsten, and titanium, molybdenum, tantalum, etc. are added with cobalt powder as a binder, and then heated and sintered. The hardness of carbonized tools is higher than that of any other material. It is three times the hardest high-carbon steel. It is suitable for cutting harder metals or stones. Because its material is brittle and hard, it can only be made into flakes and then welded to have more toughness. On the knife handle, when the blade is dull or cracked, you can replace it with another cutting edge or a new blade. This kind of turning tool is called a throwaway turning tool. Carbonized tools are divided into three categories: P, M, and K according to the international standards (ISO). They are marked in three colors: blue, yellow, and red: category P is suitable for cutting steel, including P01, P10, and P20. , P30, P40, P50 six categories, P01 is a high-speed precision turning tool with a small number and high wear resistance. P50 is a low-speed rough turning tool with a large number and high toughness. The handle is painted blue to identify it. K category is suitable for cutting hard and brittle materials such as stone and cast iron. There are five categories: K01, K10, K20, K30, K40. K01 is a high-speed precision turning tool, and K40 is a low-speed rough turning tool. This type of tool holder is painted in red for identification. Type M lies between Type P and Type M, and is suitable for cutting materials with greater toughness, such as different types. This type of tool holder is painted yellow to identify it.

5 Ceramic turning tool:

Ceramic turning tools are made of alumina powder, added a small amount of elements, and then sintered at high temperature. Its hardness, heat resistance and cutting speed are higher than tungsten carbide, but because of its brittleness, it is not suitable for discontinuous or heavy turning. Only suitable for high-speed finishing.

6 Diamond knives

For high-level surface processing, industrial diamonds with round shapes or edges on the surface can be used for polishing. A smoother surface can be obtained. It is mainly used for precision turning of copper alloys or light alloys. A high speed must be used during turning, with a minimum of 60~100m/min, usually 200~300m/min.

7 Boron oxide cubic crystal boron oxide (CBN)

It is a material that has been promoted in recent years. Its hardness and wear resistance are second only to diamonds. This tool is suitable for processing hard and wear-resistant iron group alloys, nickel-based alloys, and cobalt-based alloys.